The Largest National Parks in Indonesia

5 Taman Nasional Terluas di Indonesia

5. Kayan Mentarang National Park (13,605 km²)

Kayan Mentarang National Park, with a total area of 1,360,500 hectares, forms the largest single area of primary and old secondary forest not only in Kalimantan but in the whole of southeast Asia.
This Park has an astonishing diversity of plant and animal species, many of which are either endangered or protected, a huge diversity of ecosystem types, from lowland rain forest to moss-covered forest in the high mountains.
Some plants that have already been recorded in the Park include pulai (Alstonia scholaris), jelutung (Dyera costulata), ramin (Gonystylus bancanus), damar (Agathis borneensis), kayu ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri), rengas (Gluta wallichii), gaharu (Aquilaria malacensis), various orchid species, palm trees and pitcher plants. There are still several plants that have not yet been identified as they are all new plant species in Indonesia.

4. Kerinci Seblat National Park (13,750 km²)

Kerinci Seblat National Park represents several ecosystem types: lowland rain forest, sub-alpine, peat swamp, freshwater swamps and lakes.
The forest area of the Park has 4,000 plant species which are dominated by the Dipterocarpaceae family. Endangered and endemic species of plant include Kerinci pines (Pinus merkusii strain), "kayu pacat" (Harpullia alborea), rafflesia flowers (Rafflesia arnoldi and R. hasseltii), and carrion flowers (Amorphophallus titanum and A. decus-silvae).
Kerinci Seblat National Park has 37 species of mammal, 10 species of reptile, 6 species of amphibian, 8 species of primate and 139 species of bird.
A particular attraction of this Park is the chance to observe the rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros sumatranus), wreathed hornbill (Aceros undulatus undulatus) and the marvelous hysterical laugh of the helmeted hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil).
Visitors may also catch a glimpse of the mysterious golden cat (Catopuma temminckii temminckii); or, even more mysterious, a species of primate that walks in an upright position and can disappear rapidly amongst the trees. Local people call it "orang pendek" (short man).

3. Wakatobi National Park (13,900 km²)

Wakatobi National Park has very high marine resource potential, in terms of both species and uniqueness, with enchanting submarine landscapes. In terms of configuration, the marine waters of the Park generally start flat and then slope seawards, with sheer precipices in some parts. The water depth varies, the deepest parts reaching 1,044 metres with sand and coral at the bottom. This Park has 25 chains of coral reefs, and the total circumference of the coral islands is 600 km. There are more than 112 species of coral such as Acropora formosa, A. hyacinthus, Psammocora profundasafla, Pavona cactus, Leptoseris yabei, Fungia molucensis, Lobophyllia robusta, Merulina ampliata, Platygyra versifora, Euphyllia glabrescens, Tubastraea frondes, Stylophora pistillata, Sarcophyton throchelliophorum, and Sinularia spp.

2. Teluk Cendrawasih National Park (14,535 km²)

Teluk Cendrawasih National Park combines coral reef ecosystems, coastal ecosystems, mangrove ecosystems and an island terrestrial tropical forest ecosystem, altogether covering a total area of 1,453,500 hectares.
The Park area includes the largest marine national park in Indonesia, consisting of land and coastal areas (0.9%), islands (3.8%), coral reefs (5.5%), and marine waters (89.8%).
Some 46 species of plant have been recorded on the islands, dominated by bakau (Bruguiera sp.), api-api (Avicennia sp.), nipah (Nypa fruticans), sago (Metroxylon sago), cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia), and ketapang (Terminalia catappa).
One hundred and fifty species of coral have been recorded in the Park, consisting of 15 families and distributed on the shores of 18 large and small islands. The percentage of live coral coverage varies from between 30-40% to 64-65%

1. Lorentz National Park (25,056 km²)

Lorentz National Park is located in the Indonesian province of Papua, formerly known as Irian Jaya (western New Guinea). With an area of 25,056 km² (9,674 mi²), it is the largest national park in South-East Asia. In 1999 Lorentz was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. An outstanding example of the biodiversity of New Guinea, Lorentz is one of the most ecologically diverse national parks in the world. It is the only nature reserve in the Asia-Pacific region to contain a full altitudial array of ecosystems spanning from marine areas, mangrove, tidal and freshwater swamp forest, lowland and montane rainforest, alpine areas, and equatorial glaciers. At 4884 meters, Puncak Jaya (formerly Carstensz Pyramid) is the tallest mountain between the Himalayas and the Andes. Birdlife International has called Lorentz Park “probably the single most important reserve in New Guinea” (Birdlife International, 1999). It contains five of World Wildlife Fund's "Global 200" ecoregions: Southern New Guinea Lowland Forests; New Guinea Montane Forests; New Guinea Central Range Subalpine Grasslands; New Guinea Mangroves; and New Guinea Rivers and Streams.[1] Lorentz Park contains many unmapped and unexplored areas, and is certain to contain many species of plants and animals as yet unknown to Western science. Local communities' ethnobotanical and ethnozoological knowledge of the Lorentz biota is also very poorly documented. The park is named for Hendrikus Albertus Lorentz, a Dutch explorer who passed through the area on his 1909–1910 expedition.
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