A stele (pronounced /ˈstiːliː/, older /ˈstiːl/, from Greek: στήλη stēlē; plural: stelae /ˈstiːlaɪ/, στῆλαι stēlai; also found: Latinised singular stela and Anglicised plural steles) is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected for funerals or commemorative purposes, most usually decorated with the names and titles of the deceased or living — inscribed, carved in relief (bas-relief, sunken-relief, high-relief, and so forth), or painted onto the slab. The inscribed stone is called PRASASTI in Indonesian language.
10. Prasasti Gandasuli (832 AD)
Gandasuli Inscription is the heritage inscription of Old Mataram Kingdom when controlled by Sailendra. This inscription was found in the ruins of the Temple Gondosuli, Gondosuli Village, District Bulu, Temanggung, Central Java. The issue is the son of the king (prince) named Rakai Rakarayan Patapan Pu Palar, who is also brother-in-law the king of Mataram, Rakai Garung.
Gandasuli inscription consists of two pieces, called Gandasuli I (Glis Hwang Dang pu) and Gandasuli II (Trance Wintang). It was written using the language with a script Melayu Old Kawi (Old Javanese), 792M numbered years. Text inscription Gandasuli II consists of five rows and contains about philosophy and the expression of freedom and glory Syailendra.
9. Prasasti Kayumwungan (824 AD)
Kayumwungan inscription is an inscription on a stone fragment of five found in the hamlet Karangtengah, Temanggung regency, Central Java, so it is more known as the inscription Karangtengah. This inscription is written in Old Javanese script, use the two languages. 1-24 lines written in Sanskrit, the next line written Old Javanese. Each language refers to the number of Saka 746 or AD 824.
8. Prasasti Sukabumi (804 AD)
Old Javanese is the oldest phase of the Javanese language that was spoken in areas in what is now the eastern part of Central Java and the whole of East Java. It is a Western Malayo-Polynesian language and it is therefore similar to the Old Malay language.
While evidence of writing in Java dates to the Sanskrit "Tarumanegara inscription" of 450, the oldest example written entirely in Javanese, called the "Sukabumi inscription", is dated March 25, 804. This inscription, located in the district of Pare in the Kediri regency of East Java, is actually a copy of the original, dated some 120 years earlier; only this copy has been preserved. Its contents concern the construction of a dam for an irrigation canal near the river ?r? Hari jing (nowadays Srinjing). This inscription is the last of its kind to be written using Pallava script; all consequent examples are written using Javanese script.
7. Prasasti Canggal (732 AD)
The early account of Mataram kingdom is mentioned in Canggal inscription, dated 732, discovered in Canggal village, Southwest from the town of Magelang. This inscription was written in Pallava letters and in Sanskrit, and tell about the erection of a lingga (symbol of Shiva) on the hill in the Kunjarakunja area. This area is located at a noble island called Yawadwipa (Java) which blessed with abundance of rice and gold. This inscription tells that Yawadwipa was reigned by king Sanna, which his long period of reign was marked with wisdom and virtue. After king Sanna died the kingdom fell into disunity. Confused because lost of ruler and patron, Sanjaya ascend to throne, he was the son of Sannaha (sister of Sanna). He was king that mastered holy scriptures, martial art, and also military prowess. He conquered neighboring area around his kingdom, his wise reign blessed his land with peace and prosperity for all his subjects
6. Prasasti Kota Kapur (686 AD)
Kota Kapur Inscription is the result found in archaeological excavations in the west coast island of Bangka. This inscription is called according to the invention is a small hamlet called "Kotakapur". The inscription on the stele is written in script and use the language Pallawa Kuna Malays, and is one of the oldest written document for the language of Malays. Inscription was discovered by J.K. van der Meulen in December 1892. This inscription was first analyzed by H. Kern, an expert in epigraphy Dutch national who worked at the Batavia Genootschap Bataviaasch. At first he thought "Srivijaya" is the name of a king. George Coedes who later contributed revealed that Srivijaya was the name of a great kingdom in Sumatra in the 7th century AD, the empire strong and never mastered the western Archipelago, Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand.
This inscription carved on an obelisk-shaped stone faceted in terms of size, height 177 cm, 32 cm wide at the base, and 19 cm at the top. Kota Kapur Inscription is an inscription of Sriwijaya was first discovered, long before Hill Kedukan inscription that was discovered on November 29, 1920, and Talang Tuo Inscription found in a few days before the November 17, 1920. Kota Kapur Inscription This, along with archaeological discoveries of others in the area, is a relic of Sriwijaya and open new insight about his time in the Hindu-Buddhist period. This inscription is also opening picture of the pattern of people who live in the 6th century and 7th century by the Hindu religious background.
5. Prasasti Kedukan Bukit (683 AD)
The Kedukan Bukit Inscription was discovered by the Dutchman M. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra, on the banks of the River Tatang, a tributary of the River Musi. It is a small stone of 45 by 80 cm. This inscription is dated the year 605 Saka (683 AD).
4. Prasasti Tukmas and Sriwijaya (680-686 AD)
Early Pallava scripts, which is basically agreed that the scripts found on the Yupa ( inscriptions ) in Kutai represents the Pallava scripts. General shape of the scripts is beautiful, although many strokes to long, straight and vertical, with the straight angle, but common expression of the scripts is round, and makes a nice curve. Shape of the serifs, if the alphabet is to be written with more than one vertical lines, it will be put on the left vertically. The scripts having horizontal line start are GA, SA, JA, BA, KHA, NA,DHA, and LA. These are without serif. MA is written to small and under the level of other scripts. T is expressed with single spiral and the shape is the oldest one and very close with Iksavakus from Andhara Pradesh, and the scripts on inscription of Nagarjunakonda, inscription of Badravarman in Cho Dinh at the end of 4th century. The scripts on inscription of Cho Dinh have great similarity with scripts on pillar inscription of Ruvanvalisaya at Ameradhapura, Srilangka, which was issued by king Buddhasasa in 337 - 365 AD.
Later Pallava Scripts
In this period appeared many modifications. It was probable that this period is the birth of the system "same height" of the scripts. Based on intensive study in South India and South Asia it is possible that this is from the period of 8th to 9th century. The script showing a principle concept between which is the true font, and which is as a decoration or accessories. The modification is observable on NA, LA, and KHA. Some sample of these scripts were written on:
3. Prasasti Kebon Kopi (5th Century AD)
Kebonkopi inscriptions found in the village of Muara in the 19th century when the logging done for coffee plantations. Since it is called a stele inscription Kebonkopi until now still be in place.
Kebonkopi inscription was first reported by NW Hoepermans in the year 1864 which was followed pastor JFG Brumun (1868), A.B. Cohen Stuart (l875), P.J. Veth (l878, 1896), H. Kern (1884, 1885, 1910), R.D.M. Verbeek (1891) and J.Ph. Vogel (1925).
Kebonkopi inscription carved on one stone surface area of "stone" big enough Pallawa script and Sanskrit that are organized into the form seloka metrum Anustubh sculpture flanked by a pair of elephant foot image.
2. Prasasti Tugu (5th Century AD)
Tugu Inscription is one of the inscriptions from Tarumanagara Kingdom. Inscription is it explained Candrabaga River by digging and digging Rajadirajaguru by Purnawarman Gomati River in year 22 of his reign. Excavation of these rivers is an idea to avoid a flood of natural disasters that often occur in Purnawarman reign, and the drought that occurred during the dry season.
1. Prasasti Tarumanegara (389 AD)
Tarumanagara or Taruma Kingdom or just Taruma is an early Sundanese kingdom, whose fifth-century ruler, Purnavarman, produced the earliest known inscriptions on Java island. The kingdom was not far from modern Jakarta, and Purnavarman apparently built a canal that changed the course of the Cakung River, and drained a coastal area for agriculture and settlement. In his inscriptions, Purnavarman associated himself with Vishnu, and Brahmins ritually secured the hydraulic project.
Tarumanagara existed between 358-669. The earliest known written records of Tarumanagara existence are inscribed monument stones. Inscribed stone is called prasasti in Indonesian language. A prasasti located in a river bed of Caiaruteun river, called Prasasti Ciaruteun, from the fifth century AD, written in Wengi letters (used in the Indian Pallava period) and in Sanskrit language, reports the most famous king of Tarumanagara
Located nearby is the Prasasti Kebon Kopi I, also called Telapak Gadjah stone, with an inscription and the engraving of two large elephant footprints. The inscription read: These elephant foot soles, akin to those of the strong Airwata (elephant, which God Indra used to ride), belongs to Tarumanagara King who is successful and full of control.
Source:
http://balitouring.com/
http://amazingwestsumatra.com/
http://answers.com/
http://pureindonesia.blogspot.com/
http://tutorgig.com/
http://infotempat.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/
http://opinibureto.blogspot.com
pictured by:
http://garudamagazine.com/
http://flickr.com/
http://photobucket.com/
10. Prasasti Gandasuli (832 AD)
Gandasuli Inscription is the heritage inscription of Old Mataram Kingdom when controlled by Sailendra. This inscription was found in the ruins of the Temple Gondosuli, Gondosuli Village, District Bulu, Temanggung, Central Java. The issue is the son of the king (prince) named Rakai Rakarayan Patapan Pu Palar, who is also brother-in-law the king of Mataram, Rakai Garung.
Gandasuli inscription consists of two pieces, called Gandasuli I (Glis Hwang Dang pu) and Gandasuli II (Trance Wintang). It was written using the language with a script Melayu Old Kawi (Old Javanese), 792M numbered years. Text inscription Gandasuli II consists of five rows and contains about philosophy and the expression of freedom and glory Syailendra.
9. Prasasti Kayumwungan (824 AD)
Kayumwungan inscription is an inscription on a stone fragment of five found in the hamlet Karangtengah, Temanggung regency, Central Java, so it is more known as the inscription Karangtengah. This inscription is written in Old Javanese script, use the two languages. 1-24 lines written in Sanskrit, the next line written Old Javanese. Each language refers to the number of Saka 746 or AD 824.
8. Prasasti Sukabumi (804 AD)
Old Javanese is the oldest phase of the Javanese language that was spoken in areas in what is now the eastern part of Central Java and the whole of East Java. It is a Western Malayo-Polynesian language and it is therefore similar to the Old Malay language.
While evidence of writing in Java dates to the Sanskrit "Tarumanegara inscription" of 450, the oldest example written entirely in Javanese, called the "Sukabumi inscription", is dated March 25, 804. This inscription, located in the district of Pare in the Kediri regency of East Java, is actually a copy of the original, dated some 120 years earlier; only this copy has been preserved. Its contents concern the construction of a dam for an irrigation canal near the river ?r? Hari jing (nowadays Srinjing). This inscription is the last of its kind to be written using Pallava script; all consequent examples are written using Javanese script.
7. Prasasti Canggal (732 AD)
The early account of Mataram kingdom is mentioned in Canggal inscription, dated 732, discovered in Canggal village, Southwest from the town of Magelang. This inscription was written in Pallava letters and in Sanskrit, and tell about the erection of a lingga (symbol of Shiva) on the hill in the Kunjarakunja area. This area is located at a noble island called Yawadwipa (Java) which blessed with abundance of rice and gold. This inscription tells that Yawadwipa was reigned by king Sanna, which his long period of reign was marked with wisdom and virtue. After king Sanna died the kingdom fell into disunity. Confused because lost of ruler and patron, Sanjaya ascend to throne, he was the son of Sannaha (sister of Sanna). He was king that mastered holy scriptures, martial art, and also military prowess. He conquered neighboring area around his kingdom, his wise reign blessed his land with peace and prosperity for all his subjects
6. Prasasti Kota Kapur (686 AD)
Kota Kapur Inscription is the result found in archaeological excavations in the west coast island of Bangka. This inscription is called according to the invention is a small hamlet called "Kotakapur". The inscription on the stele is written in script and use the language Pallawa Kuna Malays, and is one of the oldest written document for the language of Malays. Inscription was discovered by J.K. van der Meulen in December 1892. This inscription was first analyzed by H. Kern, an expert in epigraphy Dutch national who worked at the Batavia Genootschap Bataviaasch. At first he thought "Srivijaya" is the name of a king. George Coedes who later contributed revealed that Srivijaya was the name of a great kingdom in Sumatra in the 7th century AD, the empire strong and never mastered the western Archipelago, Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand.
This inscription carved on an obelisk-shaped stone faceted in terms of size, height 177 cm, 32 cm wide at the base, and 19 cm at the top. Kota Kapur Inscription is an inscription of Sriwijaya was first discovered, long before Hill Kedukan inscription that was discovered on November 29, 1920, and Talang Tuo Inscription found in a few days before the November 17, 1920. Kota Kapur Inscription This, along with archaeological discoveries of others in the area, is a relic of Sriwijaya and open new insight about his time in the Hindu-Buddhist period. This inscription is also opening picture of the pattern of people who live in the 6th century and 7th century by the Hindu religious background.
5. Prasasti Kedukan Bukit (683 AD)
The Kedukan Bukit Inscription was discovered by the Dutchman M. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra, on the banks of the River Tatang, a tributary of the River Musi. It is a small stone of 45 by 80 cm. This inscription is dated the year 605 Saka (683 AD).
4. Prasasti Tukmas and Sriwijaya (680-686 AD)
Early Pallava scripts, which is basically agreed that the scripts found on the Yupa ( inscriptions ) in Kutai represents the Pallava scripts. General shape of the scripts is beautiful, although many strokes to long, straight and vertical, with the straight angle, but common expression of the scripts is round, and makes a nice curve. Shape of the serifs, if the alphabet is to be written with more than one vertical lines, it will be put on the left vertically. The scripts having horizontal line start are GA, SA, JA, BA, KHA, NA,DHA, and LA. These are without serif. MA is written to small and under the level of other scripts. T is expressed with single spiral and the shape is the oldest one and very close with Iksavakus from Andhara Pradesh, and the scripts on inscription of Nagarjunakonda, inscription of Badravarman in Cho Dinh at the end of 4th century. The scripts on inscription of Cho Dinh have great similarity with scripts on pillar inscription of Ruvanvalisaya at Ameradhapura, Srilangka, which was issued by king Buddhasasa in 337 - 365 AD.
Later Pallava Scripts
In this period appeared many modifications. It was probable that this period is the birth of the system "same height" of the scripts. Based on intensive study in South India and South Asia it is possible that this is from the period of 8th to 9th century. The script showing a principle concept between which is the true font, and which is as a decoration or accessories. The modification is observable on NA, LA, and KHA. Some sample of these scripts were written on:
- Inscription of Tuk Mas near Magelang, near Yogyakarta. Prof. Krom analyzed this as from the year of 680 AD.
- Sriwijaya inscriptions which has the date respectively 683 AD, 684 AD, and 686 AD.
3. Prasasti Kebon Kopi (5th Century AD)
Kebonkopi inscriptions found in the village of Muara in the 19th century when the logging done for coffee plantations. Since it is called a stele inscription Kebonkopi until now still be in place.
Kebonkopi inscription was first reported by NW Hoepermans in the year 1864 which was followed pastor JFG Brumun (1868), A.B. Cohen Stuart (l875), P.J. Veth (l878, 1896), H. Kern (1884, 1885, 1910), R.D.M. Verbeek (1891) and J.Ph. Vogel (1925).
Kebonkopi inscription carved on one stone surface area of "stone" big enough Pallawa script and Sanskrit that are organized into the form seloka metrum Anustubh sculpture flanked by a pair of elephant foot image.
2. Prasasti Tugu (5th Century AD)
Tugu Inscription is one of the inscriptions from Tarumanagara Kingdom. Inscription is it explained Candrabaga River by digging and digging Rajadirajaguru by Purnawarman Gomati River in year 22 of his reign. Excavation of these rivers is an idea to avoid a flood of natural disasters that often occur in Purnawarman reign, and the drought that occurred during the dry season.
1. Prasasti Tarumanegara (389 AD)
Tarumanagara or Taruma Kingdom or just Taruma is an early Sundanese kingdom, whose fifth-century ruler, Purnavarman, produced the earliest known inscriptions on Java island. The kingdom was not far from modern Jakarta, and Purnavarman apparently built a canal that changed the course of the Cakung River, and drained a coastal area for agriculture and settlement. In his inscriptions, Purnavarman associated himself with Vishnu, and Brahmins ritually secured the hydraulic project.
Tarumanagara existed between 358-669. The earliest known written records of Tarumanagara existence are inscribed monument stones. Inscribed stone is called prasasti in Indonesian language. A prasasti located in a river bed of Caiaruteun river, called Prasasti Ciaruteun, from the fifth century AD, written in Wengi letters (used in the Indian Pallava period) and in Sanskrit language, reports the most famous king of Tarumanagara
Located nearby is the Prasasti Kebon Kopi I, also called Telapak Gadjah stone, with an inscription and the engraving of two large elephant footprints. The inscription read: These elephant foot soles, akin to those of the strong Airwata (elephant, which God Indra used to ride), belongs to Tarumanagara King who is successful and full of control.
Source:
http://balitouring.com/
http://amazingwestsumatra.com/
http://answers.com/
http://pureindonesia.blogspot.com/
http://tutorgig.com/
http://infotempat.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/
http://opinibureto.blogspot.com
pictured by:
http://garudamagazine.com/
http://flickr.com/
http://photobucket.com/
Label: History