Gempa Bumi Terbesar di Indonesia

10. 2009 Papua Earthquake
The 2009 Papua earthquake was a 7.6 Mw earthquake, which struck on January 4, 2009 at 04:43:51 local time (January 3, 19:43 UTC) killing at least four and injuring dozens of people, with an epicenter 150 kilometers (95 miles) west-northwest of Manokwari and about 170 km (105 miles) east-northeast of Sorong in Indonesia's West Papua province on the Bird's Head Peninsula. An official of World Vision said ten buildings had been totally destroyed, including several hotels and the house of a government official. Officials said three people, who had been staying at the Mutiara hotel in the city of Manokwari, were pulled alive from the rubble and taken to a hospital. Two hotels collapsed in the quake. There have been twenty-three aftershocks above magnitude 5.0, with one having a magnitude of 7.4 occurring at 07:33:42 local time (January 3, 22:33 UTC),[2] and another at magnitude 6.0. The earthquake was also felt in nearby Papua New Guinea and Darwin, Australia.
Japan's Meteorological Agency told Reuters news agency the earthquake also triggered a small 40 cm-high tsunami which hit the Japanese coast, but did not cause any damage.

9. 2009 Sumatra Earthquakes
The September 2009 Sumatra earthquake occurred just off the southern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The major shock hit at 17:16:10 local time on September 30, 2009 (10:16:10 UTC) and had a moment magnitude of 7.6. The epicenter was 45 kilometres (28 mi) west-northwest of Padang, Sumatra, and 220 kilometres (140 mi) southwest of Pekanbaru, Sumatra. Early death-toll estimates extended beyond 1300. Government reports have to date confirmed 1,115 dead, 1,214 severely injured and 1,688 slightly injured. The most deaths occurred in the areas of Padang Pariaman (675), Padang (313), Agam (80) and Pariaman (37).[2] In addition, around 135,000 houses were severely damaged, 65,000 houses were moderately damaged and 79,000 houses were slightly damaged.[2] An estimated 250,000 families (1,250,000 people) have been affected by the earthquake through the total or partial loss of their homes and livelihoods.

8. July 2006 Java Earthquake
The July 2006 Java earthquake was a magnitude 7.7 earthquake off the southwestern coast of Java, Indonesia. It occurred on July 17, 2006, at 08:24 UTC (15:24 local time).
The U.S. Geological Survey placed the epicentre of the quake at 9°17′42″S 107°20′49″E / 9.295°S 107.347°E / -9.295; 107.347, and its hypocentre at a depth of 48.6 km below the seabed.This is 225 km (140 miles) NE of Christmas Island, 240 km (150 miles) SSW of Tasikmalaya, Indonesia, and 358 km (222 miles) S of Jakarta, the capital and largest city of Indonesia.
According to the U.S. Geological Survey "The earthquake occurred as a result of thrust-faulting on the boundary between the Australia plate and the Sunda Plate. On this part of their mutual boundary, the Australia plate moves north-northeast with respect to the Sunda plate at about 59 mm/year. The Australia plate thrusts beneath the Sunda plate at the Java Trench, south of Java, and is subducted to progressively greater depths beneath Java and north of Java. The earthquake occurred on the shallow part of the plate boundary, about 50 km north of the Java trench."

7. September 2007 Sumatra Earthquakes
The September 2007 Sumatra earthquakes were a series of megathrust earthquakes that struck the Java Trench off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, three greater than magnitude 7. A series of tsunami bulletins was issued for the area. With a magnitude of 8.5, it is the fifth largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph.
The first earthquake occurred at 11:10:26 UTC (18:10 local time) on 12 September 2007, and was an 8.5 Mw earthquake on the moment magnitude scale. It was centered about 34 km underground, at 4°31′12″S 101°22′26″E / 4.520°S 101.374°E / -4.520; 101.374, about 130 km southwest of Bengkulu on the southwest coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, and some 600 km west-northwest of Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta. It was followed by several earthquakes of magnitude 5 through 6 along the same fault, west of Sumatra.
The second largest earthquake, 7.9 Mw,[4] occurred later the same day at 23:49:04 UTC (06:49:04 local time the following day). It was centred about 10 km underground, at 2°30′22″S 100°54′22″E / 2.506°S 100.906°E / -2.506; 100.906, some 185 km (115 miles) south-southeast of Padang, Indonesia and about 205 km northwest of Bengkulu (about 225 km northwest of the magnitude 8.5 earthquake).
After further aftershocks above magnitude 5, a third earthquake, 7.0 Mw,occurred at 03:35:26 UTC (10:35:26 local time) on 13 September. It was centred about 10 km underground, at 2°09′36″S 99°51′04″E / 2.160°S 99.851°E / -2.160; 99.851, some 165 km south-southwest of Padang and 345 km west-northwest of Bengkulu.
Aftershocks continued into 13 September and 14 September , with more earthquakes ranging up to magnitude 6.4. Most of the aftershocks have been northwest of the original magnitude 8.4 earthquake. A 6.7 struck Southern Sumatra on Sept 20, 2007.
Tidal buoys positioned in the Indian Ocean and other seismic tools have led scientists to issue a series of tsunami bulletins.
The tremors of the 8.5 Mw earthquake lasted for several minutes. It caused buildings to sway in Jakarta, and some buildings were reported to have collapsed in the city of Bengkulu, Province Bengkulu, about 100 km from the epicenter. Tremors felt in Jakarta were described as being "violent" It was reported that several high-rise buildings were evacuated. The earthquake also led to a power outage in Bengkulu, which crippled communications. The death toll of the earthquakes is 21 with 88 people injured.
Tremors were felt in neighbouring countries as far away as Southern Thailand.In Singapore, which is about 670 km from the epicenter, the tremor was felt at around 11:10 UTC (19:10 local time).Most of the Central and Eastern part of Singapore has felt the tremor. In Peninsular Malaysia, tremors were reported after 19:15 local time, including Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, Johor Bahru, Malacca and Penang. Like Singapore, the tremors were most severe on high-rises, resulting in minor panic and evacuations. No casualties were reported in the country, as of 13 September.

6. 2005 Sumatra Earthquake
The 2005 Sumatra earthquake, referred to as the Nias Earthquake by the scientific community, was a major earthquake on 28 March 2005, located off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Approximately 1,300 people were killed by the earthquake, mostly on the island of Nias. The event caused panic in the region, which had previously been devastated by the massive tsunami triggered by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, but this earthquake generated a relatively tiny tsunami that caused limited damage. It was the 2nd most powerful earthquake since 1965.
The earthquake occurred at 16:09:36 UTC (11:09:36 P.M. local time) on 28 March 2005. The hypocenter was located at 2°04′35″N 97°00′58″E / 2.07639°N 97.01611°E / 2.07639; 97.01611, 30 kilometres (19 mi) below the surface of the Indian Ocean, where subduction is forcing the Indo-Australian Plate to the south-west under the Eurasian plate's Sunda edge. The area is 200 kilometres (120 mi) west of Sibolga, Sumatra, or 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) northwest of Jakarta, approximately halfway between the islands of Nias and Simeulue. Seismic recordings give the earthquake a moment magnitude of about 8.7, and effects were felt as far away as Bangkok, Thailand; over 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) away.
The earthquake lasted for about two minutes in total. In the twenty-four hours immediately after the event, there were eight major aftershocks, measuring between 5.5 and 6.0. A debate arose among seismologists over whether this should be considered an aftershock of the December 2004 event, or a "triggered earthquake" as it was larger than typical aftershocks but on the same fault.
On the Indonesian island of Nias, off the coast of Sumatra, hundreds of buildings were destroyed by the earthquake. The death toll on Nias was at least one thousand, with 220 dying in Gunungsitoli, the island's largest town. Nearly half of Gunungsitoli's population (27,000) fled the town.
The earthquake was strongly felt across the island of Sumatra, and caused widespread power outages in the Indonesian city of Banda Aceh, already devastated by the December 2004 tsunami, and prompted thousands to flee their homes and seek higher ground.
It was also strongly felt along the west coast of Thailand and Malaysia, and in Kuala Lumpur high-rise buildings were evacuated. The earthquake was felt less strongly in the Maldives, India, and Sri Lanka.

5. 1938 Banda Sea Earthquake
The 1938 Banda Sea earthquake occurred in the Banda Sea region on February 1, 1938, and was the ninth largest earthquake in the 20th century. It registered a magnitude of 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale, and intensities as high as VII. It generated Tsunamis of up to 1.5 metres, but no human lives appear to have been lost.

4. 1797 Sumatra Earthquake
The 1797 Sumatra earthquake was the first in a series of great earthquakes that ruptured part of the Sumatran segment of the Sunda megathrust. It caused a damaging tsunami that was particularly severe near Padang, where a 150-200 ton English ship was driven 1 km inland up the Arau river.
The island of Sumatra lies on the convergent plate boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure dip-slip faulting along the subduction zone, known as the Sunda megathrust, and near pure strike-slip faulting along the Great Sumatran fault. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of megathrust type. Historically, great or giant megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in 1797, 1833, 1861, 2004 , 2005 and 2007, most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during these larger events, in 1935, 2000 and 2002.

3. 1861 Sumatra Earthquake
The 1861 Sumatra earthquake occurred on February 16, 1861. It was the last in a sequences of earthquakes that ruptured adjacent parts of the Sumatran segment of the Sunda megathrust. It caused a devastating tsunami which led to several thousand fatalities. The earthquake was felt as far away as the Malay peninsula and the eastern part of Java. The rupture area for the 2005 Sumatra earthquake is similar to that estimated for the 1861 event.
The island of Sumatra lies on the convergent plate boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure dip-slip faulting along the subduction zone, known as the Sunda megathrust, and near pure strike-slip faulting along the Great Sumatran fault. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of megathrust type. Historically, great or giant megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in 1797, 1833, 1861, 2004 , 2005 and 2007, most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during the larger events, in 1935, 2000 and 2002.

2. 1833 Sumatra Earthquake
The 1833 Sumatra earthquake occurred on November 25, 1833, about 22:00 local time, with an estimated magnitude in the range Mw= 8.8–9.2. It caused a large tsunami that flooded the southwestern coast of the island. There are no reliable records of the loss of life, with the casualties being described only as 'numerous'. The magnitude of this event has been estimated using records of uplift taken from coral microatolls.
The island of Sumatra lies on the convergent plate boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure dip-slip faulting along the subduction zone, known as the Sunda megathrust, and near pure strike-slip faulting along the Great Sumatran fault. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of megathrust type. Historically, great or giant megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in 1797, 1833, 1861, 2004, 2005 and 2007, most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during the larger events, in 1935, 2000 and 2002.
There is only sparse information available regarding the extent of damage associated with either the earthquake or the subsequent tsunami. However, the tsunami was clearly devastating along the southwest coast of Sumatra from Pariaman to Bengkulu. There is also a lone report of significant damage in the Seychelles.

1. 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea megathrust earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on December 26, 2004, with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The quake itself is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. The resulting tsunami itself is given various names, including the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, Asian Tsunami, Indonesian Tsunami, and Boxing Day Tsunami.
The earthquake was caused by subduction and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing nearly 230,000 people in fourteen countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 meters (100 feet) high. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand were the hardest hit.
With a magnitude of between 9.1 and 9.3, it is the second largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph. This earthquake had the longest duration of faulting ever observed, between 8.3 and 10 minutes. It caused the entire planet to vibrate as much as 1 cm (0.4 inches)and triggered other earthquakes as far away as Alaska.
The plight of the many affected people and countries prompted a widespread humanitarian response. In all, the worldwide community donated more than $7 billion (2004 U.S. dollars) in humanitarian aid.
The energy released on the Earth's surface only, ME which is the seismic potential for damage, by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami was estimated at 1.1×1017 joules or 26.3 megatons of TNT. This energy is equivalent to over 1502 times that of the Hiroshima atomic bomb, but less than that of Tsar Bomba, the largest nuclear weapon ever detonated. However, this is but a tiny fraction of the total work done MW (and thus energy) by this quake, 4.0×1029 ergs (40 ZJ), the vast majority underground. This equates to 4.0×1022 J, over 363,000 times more than its ME. This is a truly enormous figure, equivalent to 9,560 gigatons of TNT equivalent (550 million times that of Hiroshima), or about 370 years of energy use in the United States at 2005 levels of 1.08×1020 J.
The only recorded earthquakes with a larger MW were the 1960 Chilean and 1964 Alaskan quakes, with 2.5×1023 joules (250 ZJ) and 7.5×1022 joules (75 ZJ) respectively.
The earthquake generated a seismic oscillation of the Earth's surface of up to 20–30 cm (8–12 in), equivalent to the effect of the tidal forces caused by the Sun and Moon. The shock waves of the earthquake were felt across the planet; as far away as the U.S. state of Oklahoma, where vertical movements of 3 mm (0.12 in) were recorded. By February 2005, the earthquake's effects were still detectable as a 0.02 mm complex harmonic oscillation of the Earth's surface, which gradually diminished and merged with the incessant free oscillation of the Earth more than 4 months after the earthquake.
Because of its enormous energy release and shallow rupture depth, the earthquake generated remarkable seismic ground motions around the globe, particularly due to huge Rayleigh (surface) elastic waves that exceeded 1 cm in vertical amplitude everywhere on Earth. The record section plot below displays vertical displacements of the Earth's surface recorded by seismometers from the IRIS/USGS Global Seismographic Network plotted with respect to time (since the earthquake initiation) on the horizontal axis, and vertical displacements of the Earth on the vertical axis (note the 1 cm scale bar at the bottom for scale). The seismograms are arranged vertically by distance from the epicenter in degrees. The earliest, lower amplitude, signal is that of the compressional (P) wave, which takes about 22 minutes to reach the other side of the planet (the antipode; in this case near Ecuador). The largest amplitude signals are seismic surface waves that reach the antipode after about 100 minutes. The surface waves can be clearly seen to reinforce near the antipode (with the closest seismic stations in Ecuador), and to subsequently encircle the planet to return to the epicentral region after about 200 minutes. A major aftershock (magnitude 7.1) can be seen at the closest stations starting just after the 200 minute mark. This aftershock would be considered a major earthquake under ordinary circumstances, but is dwarfed by the mainshock.
Vertical-component ground motions recorded by the IRIS/USGS Global Seismographic Network
The shift of mass and the massive release of energy very slightly altered the Earth's rotation. The exact amount is not yet known, but theoretical models suggest the earthquake shortened the length of a day by 2.68 microseconds, due to a decrease in the oblateness of the Earth.It also caused the Earth to minutely "wobble" on its axis by up to 2.5 cm (1 in) in the direction of 145° east longitude, or perhaps by up to 5 or 6 cm (2.0 to 2.4 in). However, because of tidal effects of the Moon, the length of a day increases at an average of 15 µs per year, so any rotational change due to the earthquake will be lost quickly. Similarly, the natural Chandler wobble of the Earth, which in some cases can be up to 15 m (50 ft), will eventually offset the minor wobble produced by the earthquake.
More spectacularly, there was 10 m (33 ft) movement laterally and 4–5 m (13–16 ft) vertically along the fault line. Early speculation was that some of the smaller islands south-west of Sumatra, which is on the Burma Plate (the southern regions are on the Sunda Plate), might have moved south-west by up to 36 m (118 ft), but more accurate data released more than a month after the earthquake found the movement to be about 20 cm (7.9 in).Since movement was vertical as well as lateral, some coastal areas may have been moved to below sea level. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands appear to have shifted south-west by around 1.25 m (4.1 ft) and to have sunk by 1 m (3.28 ft).
In February 2005, the Royal Navy vessel HMS Scott surveyed the seabed around the earthquake zone, which varies in depth between 1,000 m and 5,000 m (3,300 ft and 16,500 ft). The survey, conducted using a high-resolution, multi-beam sonar system, revealed that the earthquake had made a huge impact on the topography of the seabed. 1,500-meter (5,000 ft) high thrust ridges created by previous geologic activity along the fault had collapsed, generating landslides several kilometers wide. One such landslide consisted of a single block of rock some 100 m high and 2 km long (300 ft by 1.25 mi). The momentum of the water displaced by tectonic uplift had also dragged massive slabs of rock, each weighing millions of tons, as far as 10 km (7 mi) across the seabed. An oceanic trench several kilometres wide was exposed in the earthquake zone.
The TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason 1 satellites happened to pass over the tsunami as it was crossing the ocean.[33] These satellites carry radars that measure precisely the height of the water surface; anomalies of the order of 50 cm (20 in) were measured. Measurements from these satellites may prove invaluable for the understanding of the earthquake and tsunami. Unlike data from tide gauges installed on shores, measurements obtained in the middle of the ocean can be used for computing the parameters of the source earthquake without having to compensate for the complex ways in which close proximity to the coast changes the size and shape of a wave.



Source:
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http://id.wikipedia.org/
http://bmkg.go.id/

Manuscript of Majapahit Kingdom

Also known as the Book of Kings, is a manuscript in the Kawi language. The comparatively short text of 32 folio-size pages (1126 lines) contains the history of the kings of Singhasari and Majapahit in eastern Java. The book is also called "Pustaka Raja", which is Sanskrit for "book king", or "book of kings".
Pararaton opens with a former incarnation of the founder of Singhasari kingdom (1222–1292), Ken Arok. Almost half of the manuscript is the story of Ken Arok's career before his accession to the throne in 1222. This part is clearly mythical in character. Then there follow a number of shorter narrative fragments in a chronological succession. Many of the events recorded here are dated. Towards the end the pieces of history become shorter and shorter and are mixed with genealogical information concerning the members of the royal family of Majapahit.
The importance of the Angrok story is not only indicated by its length, but also by the fact that it furnishes an alternative name: Serat Pararaton atawa Katuturanira Ken Angrok or "The Book of Genealogy or the Recorded Story about Ken Angrok". Since the oldest colophon in the manuscripts contains the date 1522 Saka (AD 1600), the final part of the text must have been written between AD 1481 and 1600, presumably closer to the first date than to the second date.Pararaton commences with a brief of prelude telling how Ken Arok incarnated himself in which he became the king. He offered himself as a human sacrfice to Yamadipati, the Javanese Door God, in order to save himself from death. As a reward, he was promised that upon his death he would return to Vishu's heaven and reborn as a superior king of Singhasari.The promise was fulfilled. Ken Arok was begotten by Brahma of a newly-wed peasant woman. On his birth, his mother laid him in a graveyard where his body, effulgent with light, attracted the attention of Ki Lembong, a passing thief. Ki Lembong adopted him, raised him and taught him all of his arts. Ken Arok indulged in gambling, plunder and rapine. In the manuscript, it is written as such that Ken Arok was saved many times by divine intervention. There is a scene in Mount Kryar Lejar wherein gods descend in conference and Batara Guru (Shiva) declares Ken Arok as his son. Ken Arok is also destined to bring stability and power to Java.The prelude of Pararaton is followed by the meeting of Ken Arok with Lohgawe, a Brahmanian who came from India to make sure Batara Guru's instructions were fulfilled. It was Lohgawe who asked Ken Arok to meet Tunggul Ametung, ruler of Tumapel. Ken Arok then killed Tunggul Ametung to gain possession of Ametung's wife, Ken Dedes; and also the throne to Singashari.Some parts of Pararaton cannot be accounted as historical facts. Especially in the prelude, fact and fiction, fantasy and reality go together. Scholars such as C. C. Berg argued that texts as these are entirely supernatural and ahistorical, and intended not to record the past, but instead determine future events. However, the majority of scholars accept some historicity in the Pararaton, noting numerous correspondences with other inscriptions and Chinese sources, and accept the manuscript's frame of reference which a valid interpretation is conceivable.It should be noted that the manuscript was written under the nature of Javanese kingship. For Javanese, it is the function of the ruler to link the present with the past and the future and to give human life its appropriate place in the cosmic order. The king is Javanese realm, the sacral embodiment of the total state, just as his palace as a microscomic copy of the macrocosmos.The king (and a founder of a dynasty) possesses an innate divinity to a far higher degree than an ordinary men.Ras compared the Pararaton with respectively the Sanskrit Canggal inscription (732 AD), the Śivagŗha (Siwagrha) inscription (856 AD), the Calcutta Stone (1041 AD) and the Babad Tanah Jawi (1836 AD). This showed clear similarities in character, structure and function of these texts and also similarity with texts from the Malay historiography.Ras suggests to place one specific type of texts from the whole Indonesian area together in one literary genre, the ‘government chronicle’ or the ‘book of kings’: historiography at the service of the legitimity of kingship.

source:
http://id.wikipedia.org/
http://kidemang.com/
http://goodreads.com/

10. Rochi Putiray
(born June 26, 1970 in Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia) is a football player from Indonesia.

Rochy was probably the most easily recognised player on the Indonesia national football team because of his brightly coloured and constantly changing hair. In his career, he has played for Arseto Solo, Jakarta F.C.(1999-2000), Persija Jakarta, Instant-Dict, Kitchee FC and South China AA. He moved to Instant-Dict after being spotted by the Hong Kong club during the Asian Cup Qualifier between Hong Kong and Indonesia. He helped Kitchee FC beat AC Milan 2-1 by scoring 2 goals during a friendly match in 2004.

9. Ponaryo Astaman

(born 25 September 1979) is a current Indonesian football player. He is also a currently Indonesia national football team players from 2003 until now. He was a captain for Indonesian football team. As a player, he already played for several clubs in Indonesia, such as PSM Makassar, Arema Malang, Persija Jakarta, and currently for Sriwijaya FC.

8. Hendro Kartiko

(born in Banyuwangi, East Java, 24 April 1973) is an Indonesian footballer, he normally plays as a goalkeeper and is 175 cm in height. He plays for the Indonesia national football team. His first appearance in the senior national team was in the Asian Cup 1996 for Indonesia against Kuwait, Indonesia draw 2-2, his subtitution Kurnia Sandy was injured. In Asian Cup 2000 Asian people mention him "Fabian Barthez Asia" , in this event Indonesia had one draw and two losses in the first round, drew 0-0 with Kuwait, loss 0-4 from China PR and loss 0-3 from South Korea. In Asian Cup 2004 he was chosen as a Man of The Match for Indonesia against Qatar, Indonesia won 2-1. He has 50 caps in the senior national team since his debut in 1996, and became one of football players in his country with the most appearances in the senior national team squad. Since 2006 he hasn't been chosen again as the number one goalkeeper in the senior national team, he was replaced by other younger in Indonesia. Currently his place in the national team is played by Markus Horison.

7. Boaz Solossa

Boaz Theofilius Erwin Solossa (born March 16, 1986) is an Indonesian footballer. His brother, Ortizan, is also a footballer. Boaz plays at Persipura while Ortizan plays at Persija. They met in a match at the 2005 Liga Indonesia final, where Persipura beat Persija 3-2.

Boaz was born in the Solossa family, a well-known family in the province of West Papua. His uncle, Jaap Solossa, was the governor of Papua before he died last year. Boaz was born in a footballing family as well, being the youngest of five children. Almost all of them were professionals, including his brother Ortizan and Nehemia Solossa.

Boaz is considered to be a bright prospect in Indonesian football after performing brilliantly in the 2004 Tiger Cup, where Indonesia was defeated by Singapore in a home and away match, which resulted in an aggregate score of 5-2 to Singapore. In the group phase, Boaz managed to score 4 goals and along with Ilham Jayakesuma, who scored 5 goals, both led the top scorers chart. He is well-known for his two-footedness, born as a left-footed but is equally dangerous with his right.

Nevertheless, Boaz was unable to perform for Persipura for almost 6 months due to an incident where he and his Persipura teammates assaulted a referee officiating one of Persipura matches in the 2004-2005 season. During the time he was out of action, many considered his skills to drop and his prospect wasted. This resulted in the Indonesian national team manager Peter Withe crossing his name off the team list from the national team in 2006. He also has a bad reputation due to his alcoholism, which also contributed to his decline in form over the past year although Boaz stated that he is trying his best to quit and gain back his place in the Indonesian national team.

6. Elie Aiboy

(born 20 April 1979) is a current Indonesian football (soccer) player with PSMS Medan. An attacking midfielder, and also can act as a winger, known for his explosive acceleration and brilliant dribbling skills Elie Aiboy was a legend for Selangor FA. He is also currently an Indonesia national football team player from 2001 until now. Aiboy has 33 caps (according to Fifa class A Match) and 7 goals to his name.

He played for Arema Malang in the 2007 AFC Champions League group stage, where he scored one goal.

5. Bambang Pamungkas

Bambang Pamungkas is an Indonesian footballer. His natural position is central forward. Pamungkas made his name in South East Asian football when he scored the lone goal for Indonesia at the 2002 Tiger Cup against Malaysia.Bambang Pamungkas spent most of his playing career in Indonesia. According to his agent in Europe, Anthony van Dalen, there were several clubs in Europe that would hand him trials, such as Roda JC Kerkrade from Holland, and FC Koeln and Borussia Mönchengladbach from Germany. However, Pamungkas decided to join EHC Norad, a Third Division club in Holland.
After a year of playing in Holland, he decided not to extend his contract and returned to Indonesia. Soon afterwards, he received an offer to play in the Malaysian Football League with Selangor FA. He completed the transfer to Malaysia along with national team-mate Elie Aiboy. In his first season in Malaysia, he won the Premier League Malaysia, FA Cup Malaysia, and Malaysia Cup and became the top-scorer with 24 goal in 24 matches in Malaysian Premier League with total of 39 goals in 3 competitions (Premier League Malaysia, FA Cup Malaysia, Malaysia Cup).He was chosen Most Valuable Player in the 1996 Haornas Cup. He, with the Indonesian youth team, won the top-scorer in Asian Cup U-19 Group V, collecting 7 goals in the process.

4. Widodo Cahyono Putro

Widodo Cahyono Putro (born 8 November 1970 in Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia) is a retired Indonesian football player, who gained fame for scoring a goal with a bicycle kick in match against Kuwait in the 1996 Asian Cup. He is currently joint coach for the Indonesian Under-23 national team, alongside, another former Indonesian football star, Bambang Nurdiansyah.
Widodo Cahyono Putro began his career in Galatama with the club Warna Agung, shortly before the first national professional competition, the Liga Indonesia. For the 1994-95 season began he was transferred to league runners-up PetroKimia Putra Gresik. Following consistent success there, in 1998-99 he joined one of the major Jakartan clubs, Persija Jakarta, until he retired in 2003.He received his first international cap in 1991 and retired from the Indonesia national football team in 1999, appearing in 52 matches. He was once again called to the national side for the 2000 AFC Asian Cup in Lebanon, but he did not make any appearances in the tournament. AFC Asian Cup 1996 was the first time Indonesia qualified for the final round. In their first game, against Kuwait, Widodo C Putro scored the first goal for Indonesia in the history of the tournament

3. Budi Sudarsono

(born in Kediri, East Java 19 September 1979) is an active Indonesian footballer. He normally plays either as an attacking midfielder or a forward. He stands at 174 cm (5ft 8in).
He played for Persik Kediri in the 2007 AFC Champions League group stage, where he scored two goals.He has made several appearances for the Indonesia national football team,and is best remembered for scoring goals in two consecutive Asian Cup tournaments. He opened his account by scoring a goal in the 2004 Asian Cup for Indonesia against Qatar in a group A game which Indonesia ended up winning 2-1. It was Indonesia's first ever victory in Asian Cup history since their first participation in Asian Cup 1996. The other goal was scored by his teammate Ponaryo Astaman. He scored another goal in the 2007 Asian Cup for Indonesia against Bahrain in group D, which ended in a 2-1 win for Indonesia. The other goal was scored by Bambang Pamungkas. His fans have nicknamed him Budi Gol, Budi Jancok, Kileng, Budi Drogba (for his resemblance to the Ivorian striker Didier Drogba), and Ular Piton (Python). He scored the only goal for Indonesia against Syria during the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification in Jakarta in which Indonesia went on to lose 1-4 and lose the 2nd leg 0-7 and eliminated from the competition. Recently in December 2008, he scored hattrick and led Indonesia win 4-0 against Cambodia in AFF Suzuki Cup.

2. Kurniawan Dwi Yulianto
born 13 July 1976 in Magelang, Central Java) is an active Indonesian footballer. He normally plays as a striker and is currently the player with the most caps and goals for the Indonesian national team with 33 goals in 60 appearances.
Kurniawan is known by his nickname kurus (literally means "skinny" or "slim") because he cuts a slender figure. One of his finest moments was at the 2004 Tiger Cup, during the semifinal match between Malaysia and Indonesia. Indonesia was trailing by one goal at half time (2 goals by aggregate), but Indonesia managed to conjure up an impressive comeback which started when Kurniawan scored a goal. Indonesia went on to win the match 4-1 and advanced to the final of the competition before losing to the Singaporean national football team.
He is one of an elite few Indonesian football players that have plied their trade in Europe. For a brief period in his career, he played for Sampdoria Primavera. He later played for FC Lucerne of the Swiss Football League for two seasons in the mid 1990s. After a moderately successful first season, he was subsequently sent back to Indonesia because of a combination of injuries, loss of form, a cap on non-EU players in the Swiss League, and an alleged addiction to night life and drugs. He is the first Indonesian footballer to have played in the Intertoto Cup and to have scored in that competition. In addition, he has also taken part in the Asian Champions League as well as the now-defunct Asian Cup Winner's Cup.
In the late 1990s, Kurniawan was caught on the wrong end of a drug scandal which resulted in his expulsion from the national team. But shortly after, he was rehabilitated, exonerated, and reinstated in the team. He is currently playing for Persisam. Other Indonesian football teams he played for include PSM, PSPS, Persebaya, Persija, and PSS. He twice won the Indonesian Football League, the first in 2000 with PSM, and the second in 2004 with Persebaya. He was the runner-up on the top-scorer chart in 2000 with 23 goals, trailing Bambang Pamungkas by 1 goal. During the 97-98 season, he was the runaway leader on the temporary goal-scorer chart when the league was called off due to a serious match-fixing scandal and the general collapse of security in Indonesia in the aftermath of the Asian economic crisis. Barring the World Cup, Asian Games and the Olympics (which Indonesia never managed to qualify for during his playing career), Kurniawan has participated in virtually all tournaments and competitions at various regional levels that Indonesia is eligible to take part in, including the Pre-Olympics Qualifier, Pre-World Cup Qualifier, SEA Games, Tiger Cup (now known as ASEAN Cup), and Asian Cup.
Football analysts in Indonesia agree that ever since coming back to play in Indonesia, Kurniawan never achieved the same level of quality like he did when he was still in Europe. Much hope was placed on his shoulders, as well as the shoulders of his teammates who belonged in the Primavera team (the Indonesian junior team which trained for two years in Italy and was poised to qualify to the 1996 Olympics before getting eliminated by South Korea) to lift up the quality and achievement of the Indonesian national football team. That hope was dashed when Kurniawan (and the rest of the Primavera boys) proved to be somewhat of a letdown when it came to delivering for the national team, which was evident following a series of failures at Southeast Asian as well as Asian tournaments. Nonetheless, he was a permanent fixture in the Indonesian national football team for a long time. To this day, he remains one of the most recognizable names in the history of Indonesian football.

1. Ronny Patinasarany

Ronald Hermanus Pattinasarany or better known as Ronny Pattinasarany (born in Makassar, South Sulawesi, February 9, 1949 - died in Jakarta, 19 September 2008 at the age of 59 years was a football coach Indonesia and one legendary Indonesian footballer.Era of the 1970s until the 1980s, when football became one of Indonesia in the Asian giant, Ronny Pattinasary became one who had lobbed a red-white team. Ambon blooded man who was born in Makassar is known as being a top player.
Awards such as the player who earned All Star Asia in 1982, the National Best athletes in 1976 and 1981, Galatama Player in 1979 and 1980, and won the Silver Medal and the 1979 SEA Games in 1981.
His career as a football player starts with PSM Junior in 1966. Two years later managed the team through senior-level PSM Makassar. From Makassar, Ronny Galatama off to the club, Great Color, which defended from 1978 to 1982. This is where his career began to climb, so he was elected and became captain of the team. In 1982, Ronny off to the club Tunas Inti. Only a year there, he decided to hang her shoes and turned professional as a coach.

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Keris, Senjata Tradisional Warisan Sejarah

The kris or keris is an asymmetrical dagger indigenous to Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Brunei. It is known as kalis in the southern Philippines. The kris is famous for its distinctive wavy blade, but many have straight blades as well. Both a weapon and spiritual object, kris are often considered to have an essence or presence, with some blades possessing good luck and others possessing bad.In 2005, UNESCO gave the title Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity to the kris of Indonesia. In return, UNESCO urged Indonesia to preserve their heritage.The kris or keris is an asymmetrical dagger indigenous to Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Brunei. It is known as kalis in the southern Philippines. The kris is famous for its distinctive wavy blade, but many have straight blades as well. Both a weapon and spiritual object, kris are often considered to have an essence or presence, with some blades possessing good luck and others possessing bad.The origin of the word kris is uncertain but it is thought to derive from the old Javanese term ngiris which means to stab, wedge or sliver. "Kris" is the more frequently-used spelling in the West, but "keris" is more popular in the dagger's native lands, as exemplified by the late Bambang Harsrinuksmo's popular book entitled Ensiklopedi Keris (Keris Encyclopedia). Two notable exceptions are the Philippines, where it is usually called kalis or kris, and Thailand where it is always spelled and pronounced as kris. Other spellings used by European colonists include "cryse", "crise", "criss", "kriss" and "creese".Kris history is generally traced through the study of carvings and bas-relief panels found in Southeast Asia. It is widely believed by archaeologists that the earliest kris prototype can be traced to Dong Son in Vietnam circa 300 BC. From there, the design would have been brought into present-day Malaysia by Cham migrants who made their way into the Malay Peninsula twenty centuries ago. Another theory is that the kris was based on daggers from India. Frey (2003) concludes from Raffles' (1817) study of the Candi Sukuh that the kris recognized today came into existence around 1361 AD in the kingdom of Majapahit. There exist claims of earlier forms predating the Majapahit kris but none are verifiable. In the past, the majority of kris had straight blades but this became less frequent over time. Some of the most famous renderings of a kris appear on the Borobudur temple (825 CE) and Prambanan temple (850CE). Tome Pires, in early 16th century, describe the importance of Kris to the Javanese.

Kris were worn on a daily basis, especially when travelling because it might be needed for self-defense. Heirloom blades were handed down through successive generations and worn during special events such as weddings. Men usually wore only one kris but the famous admiral Hang Tuah is said in the Hikayat Hang Tuah to have armed himself with one short and one long kris. As women were also permitted to learn silat, they sometimes also wore kris, though of a smaller size than a man's.Kris were often broken in battle and required repairs. Yearly cleanings, required as part of the spirituality and mythology surrounding the weapon, often left ancient blades worn and thin. The repair materials depended on location and it is quite usual to find a weapon with fittings from several areas. For example, a kris may have a blade from Java, a hilt from Bali and a sheath from Madura.
In many parts of Indonesia, the kris was the choice weapon for execution. The executioner's kris had a long, straight, slender blade. The condemned knelt before the executioner, who placed a wad of cotton or similar material on the subject's shoulder or clavicle area. The blade was thrust through the padding, piercing the subclavian artery and the heart. Upon withdrawal, the cotton wiped the blade clean. Death came within seconds.
The making of a kris was the specialised duty of metalworkers called empu or pandai besi. In Bali this occupation was the preserve of the Pande clan, members of whom also made jewellery. Kris-makers did more than forge the weapon, they carried out the old rituals which could infuse the blade with mystical powers. For this reason, kris are considered almost alive because they may be vessels of spirits, either good or evil. Legends tell of kris that could move of their own volition and killed individuals at will. Some kris are rumored to stand upright when their real names are called by their masters. It was said that some kris helped prevent fires, death, agricultural failure, and many other problems. Likewise, they could also bring fortune, such as bountiful harvests. Many of these beliefs, however, were erroneously derived from the possession of different kris by different people. For example, there is a type of kris in Java that was called Beras Wutah, which was believed to grant its possessor an easy life without famine. In reality, this kris was mainly assigned to government officers that were paid, in whole or in part with foodstuff such as rice.There are several ways of testing whether a kris is lucky or not. A series of cuts on a leaf, based on blade width and other factors, could determine if a blade was good or bad. Also, if the owner slept with the blade under their pillow, the spirit of the kris would communicate with the owner via dream. If the owner had a bad dream, the blade was unlucky and had to be discarded, whereas if the owner had a good dream the dagger would bring good fortune. However, just because a blade was bad for one person didn't mean it would be bad for another. Harmony between the weapon and its owner was critical.Because some kris are considered sacred and believed to possess magical powers, specific rites needed to be completed to avoid calling down evil fates which is the reason warriors often made offerings to their kris at a shrine. There is also the belief that pointing a kris at someone means they will die soon, so silat practitioners precede their demonstrations by touching the points of the blades to the ground so as to neutralise this effect.

The Famous Kris

1. Kris of Mpu Gandring
Tunggul Ametung however was a very powerful man and held an important position. Thus, Ken Arok needed an exceptionally strong weapon to defeat him, and also had to find a way to do so without himself being punished for the crime. He managed to get by ordering a kris from a famous smith called Mpu Gandring. However the kris casting took a very long time. After several months, an impatient Ken Arok visited Mpu Gandring to check on the kris's progress. He saw that the kris had already taken shape and was strong enough to be called an exceptional weapon. However, Mpu Gandring stated that he still needed several months to perform rituals to imbue the kris with more magical power, not only to make it strong but also to prevent it from becoming an evil weapon.Ken Arok became furious on hearing this. Knowing that Ken Dedes was pregnant, and determined to murder Tunggul Ametung before his wife gave birth to a possible son and heir, Ken Arok took the kris from its maker and stabbed Mpu Gandring. With his last breath, Mpu Gandring famously cursed Ken Arok, foretelling that he himself and seven generations of his descendants would be killed by that cursed kris.Now owning an exceptional weapon, Ken Arok got ready for the next step of his plan. He gave the kris to Kebo Ijo, another attendant of Tunggul Ametung, a greedy man known to be fond of collecting krises. As Ken Arok expected, Kebo Ijo showed his new kris to every man he met. The kris was not only strong but also had a unique pattern that made it easily recognized. It wasn't long when almost everyone in Tumapel knew about the kris.
One night, Ken Arok stole the kris back from Kebo Ijo while he was asleep. He then secretly went to Tunggul Ametung's room and stabbed him to death, and left the kris at the scene. In the morning, everyone in Tumapel was shocked to hear of Tunggul Ametung's death. When they found the kris, they accused Kebo Ijo of being the assassin, just as Ken Arok had planned. Before Kebo Ijo was able to defend himself, Ken Arok stabbed him to death, on the pretext of revenging Tunggul Ametung.
And so Ken Arok was able to kill Tunggul Ametung, take Ken Dedes to be his wife, and proclaim himself the new ruler of Tumapel.The ambition of Ken Arok did not stop in Tumapel. In 1222, at the battle of Ganter, he defeated king Kertajaya of Kediri and founded the new kingdom of Singhasari. Kediri became a fief under the kingdom of Singhasari.

2. Kris of Pusaka Setan Kober
Kyai Kober Satan is the name of Duke's kris Jipang, Arya Penangsang. Keris is charged at the time he duel against Sutawijaya.
At one point the spear used Kyai Pleret Sutawijaya of gastric Penangsang Arya, until his intestines spilled.Arya Penangsang swiftly, that gut menyangkutkan buraian on wrangka or sarong-upstream keris tucked in his waist, and kept fighting. The next moment, Sutawijaya great urgency and opportunity Penangsang used by Arya penuntaskan to get the duel, by withdrawing from the wrangka keris or keris ngliga (drew), and without realizing that wilah (an) or eye Kyai kris Kober Satan immediately cutting his intestines is hooked on the wrangkanya. He died instantly.
Senopati was impressed at how gagahnya Arya Penangsang with frayed intestine involving the upstream keris. He then ordered that his son, if later married imitate Penangsang Arya, and replaced with a series of intestinal buraian or ronce jasmine, so the groom will look more handsome, and the tradition is still used today.

3. Kris of Pusaka Nagasasra Sabuk Inten
Keris Belt Heritage and Inten Nagasasra are two things sacred relics of the King of Majapahit. Nagasasra is the name of one of the kitchen (form) keris luk and thirteen others of his luk nine and eleven, so the name of this kitchen must be accompanied by a stated amount of his luk.
Gandik part of this keris carved with dragon heads form (usually with a crown form which vary), while the body is described with a smooth scales on the Gulf following the blade to the tip of the keris. With features include kruwingan, pandanus and greneng ri, and several masters (based on his time as Majapahit, Mataram and Mataram Nom) to make kris Nagasasra kitchen.
In the kitchen kris Nagasasra good, most were kinatah gold blade, and making this kind of kinatah gold after wilah not following after this is completed, but has been designed by the master since the beginning of its construction. In the final stage of completion, the master has made kinatah appropriate form design. The parts that will be installed a special line of gold given to "the installation position of gold" and after completion wilah completed, then followed by attachment of gold by a goldsmith.
One of the keris makers with the best Nagasasra kitchen, a master work of Ki Nom, is a renowned master, and lived at the end of the Majapahit Kingdom era to the era of Sri Sultan Agung's reign Anyokrokusumo in Mataram, but there are some other experts say that Supo Ki Anom at the time of the Mataram kingdom, in fact was the grandson of the master Supo Anom, who lived in the Majapahit era, and this group called Ki Ki Nom Supo called Anom II, and who live in the age of Majapahit called Ki Anom Supo I.

4. Kris of Kyai CondongCampur
Inclined Mix is one of the keris Majapahit kingdom's heritage is mentioned in many legends and folklore. Keris is known as the Leaning Kyai Kanjeng Mix.This keris is one of the kitchen straight keris. The length of the blade was a flower nut, one LAMBE elephant, a bribe in front and size until the end of the blade length, bribes are not back there. In addition, the keris is also using electric gusen and an electric.
Inclined Mix is a symbol of the desire to reconcile the differences. Biased means tilted leading to a point, which means partisanship or the desire. While intervention is to be one or a combination. Thus, the Leaning Mix is the desire to unify a particular situation.

5. Kris Taming Sari
The Keris Taming Sari (Taming Sari's kris) is one of the most well-known kris in Malay literature, said to be so skilfully crafted that anyone wielding it was unbeatable. In some versions of the legend, the weapon would grant its user physical invulnerability. Tun Sri Lanang's book, the Sejarah Melayu, tells that it was first used by the champion of Majapahit, a pendekar named Taming Sari. He was defeated in a duel to the death by the Melakan admiral Hang Tuah, after which the king of Majapahit presented the weapon to the victor.After being framed by a jealous official, Hang Tuah was ordered to be executed, but he managed to escape and go into hiding with the help of a minister who knew the truth. Hang Tuah's kris and title of Laksamana (admiral) were passed on to his comrade Hang Jebat. Furious that his best friend was unfairly put to death, Hang Jebat rebelled against the royalty and took over the palace. The desperate ruler of Melaka pardoned the minister so long as Hang Tuah could win him back the throne. Having trained under the same master since childhood the two friends were nearly equals but of the two, Tuah was the superior fighter. However, even after a long battle in the palace, neither could best the other because the Kris Taming Sari evened the odds. Only after taking his weapon back did Hang Tuah manage to stab Jebat, who died soon after by the kris' poison.

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