10 Jembatan Terpanjang Indonesia

10. The Kutai Kartanegara Bridge (580 m)

Kutai Kartanegara Bridge is the means of liaison between Tenggarong Seberang, Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara. The length of the bridge is 580 Meters. The bridge was built to resemble the Golden Gate Bridge located in San Francisco.

9. The Kahayan Bridge (640 meter)

Construction of The Kahayan Bridge is finish in 2001, Length of Bridge Approximate 640 meter, width 9 meter, to built with Australia steel construction,The length curve is red colored and bridge to connecting several district in Central Kalimantan, among others Regency of South Barito and to Regency of North Barito. And official appointment by, The President RI, Mrs. Megawati Soekarno Putri, on January 18, 2001.

8. The Barelang Bridges (642 meter) - (The Tengku Fisabillilah Bridge)

The Tengku Fisabilillah bridge connects Batam and Tonton island. It stretches for 642 meters and is the most popular bridge of all, being a cable-stayed bridge with two 199 m high pylons and main span 350 m

7. Rumpiang Bridge (753 meter)

Rumpiang is a small village in the Barito riverside. But, now Rumpiang is also a name for big size bridge with 753 m length accross the Barito river. The bridge constructed to shortcut an access from Banjarmasin to Muarabahan. Before this, people have to accross the river by using a ferry service.
6. Mahulu Bridge (789 meter)

Mahakam Ulu (Mahulu) which bridge under construction crossing Mahakam river. This river is used for coal transport way. This bridge is one of five bridges which crossing the Mahakam river and they are Martadipura, Kartanegara, Mahulu, Mahkota I, and Mahkota II. The bridge length is 789 m with main channel is 200 m.


5. Barito Bridge (1082 meter)

Barito Bridge is a bridge which divides the Barito River in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This bridge has a length of 1082 meters across the Barito River 800 yards wide and the small island (Pulau Bakut) 200 meters wide. The bridge consists of the main bridge 902 meters long, and the bridge approach 180 meters, 10.37 meters wide. Height of free space the main bridge 15 to 18 meters, so that could be used for water traffic.

4. Ampera Bridge (1117 m)

The bridge that spread above Musi River is becomes the main characteristic of Palembang city. It was built on 1962 - 1965. Ampera Bridge has 1117 meter of length and 78m high of tower. However, the special feature of this bridge that it can be opened and closed, the mechanism is no longer working, whereas is fact, it is the only bridge in Indonesia with the open-and-closed mechanism. Now it is only history. The bridge has to be lifted up of the middle shares each time there every king sized ship, with height above nine meters, will pass by quickly. Both for going to downstream and also which going to the upstream.


3. The Tengku Agung Sultanah Latifah Bridge (1196 meter)

The Tengku Agung Sultanah Latifah Bridge located in the capital city of Riau Province, Siak Regency is a beautiful stretch he's the Siak river. "Males River" is the nickname of this river in the past. Bridge is designed to age more than 100 years has been built through a system of cable stayed, with modern construction. Siak Bridge or The Tengku Agung Sutanah Latifah Bridge is designed since 2001 by a team of experts from the ITB. 1196 meters long, 16.95 meters wide sidewalk flanking the right side and left the bridge. The bridge height reached 23 meters in the Siak River water level reaches a whidth of about 300 meters. On the bridge stood two tall towers each 80 meters equipped with two elevators to get to the top of the tower. Fore these two towers would be the "point value" in tourism sector due to the location of the cafe will be built so that visitors can enjoy Siak panoramic beauty of the crossed by a winding river like a dragon.


2. The Pasupati Bridge (2147 meter)

As Bandung's newest icon, Pasupati cable stayed bridge (2147 meters, 21.53 meter wide) is probably quite well known among those who know this city. The stories behind it, however, may not be as familiar to those who live outside Bandung.

1. The Suramadu Bridge (5438 meter)

The Suramadu Bridge, also known as the Surabaya–Madura Bridge, is a bridge with three cable-stayed sections constructed between Surabaya on the island of Java and the town of Bangkalan on the island of Madura in Indonesia. Opened on June 10, 2009. The 5438 meters bridge is the longest in Indonesia and the first bridge to cross the Madura Strait.

Source:
http://www.shevceba.co.cc/
http://dailyphotoku.blogspot.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/
http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/
http://indahnesia.com/
http://bandungdailyphoto.com/
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/

pictured by:
flickr.com
eastjava.com

pictured by: flickr.com

10 masjid tertua di Indonesia

10. Masjid Tua Palopo (1604 AD)

The old Polopo mosque is a mosque Luwu kingdom, founded by King Luwu named Sultan Abdullah Matinroe in 1604 AD, mosque which has an area of 15 m2 is named old man, because of old age. While Palopo name derived from the word in the language of the Bugis and Luwu has two meanings namely: first, confectionary made from a mixture of glutinous rice and sugar water. Secondly, put pegs in holes pole buildings. Both these meanings have a relationship with the development process of this Palopo Old Mosque.

9. Masjid Al Hilal Katangka (1603 AD)

This mosque was built in 1603 AD during the reign of King of Gowa-24, I manga'ragi Daeng-Manrabbiakaraeng Lakiung, Sultan Alauddin. Later in the year 1605 AD, the mosque was completely revamped to be named Masjid Katangka. Mosque structure measuring 14.1 x 14.4 meters and an additional building 4.1 x 14.4 meters. Building height is 11.9 meters and 90 meters tebel walls, raw material of brick with tile roof and floor porcelain. Location in Katangka, Gowa.

8. Masjid Mantingan (1559 AD)

Mantingan Mosque is an ancient mosque in the village Mantingan, Annual Sub-district, Jepara, Central Java. The mosque is reportedly established in the Sultanate of Demak. Founded by a high floor tiles covered with homemade China, and as well as railroad-undakannya. All imported from Macao. Building roof ridge is a style including China. Outer and inner walls decorated with blue pictorial pottery plates, was the wall next to where the priest and the preacher was decorated with reliefs illustrated wildlife square, dancers and dancers carved on the old yellow rock. Supervision of this mosque construction work was none other than Mo Han Liem Babah. Inside the mosque complex is the tomb of Sultan Hadlirin, husband of Queen Kalinyamat Kanjeng and brother-in-law of Sultan Trenggono, the last ruler of Demak. In addition there are also grave waliullah Mbah Abdul Jalil, who was mentioned as another name Sheikh Siti Jenar.



7. Masjid Agung Banten (1552-1570 AD)

Masjid Agung Banten built by Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin, or the son of Sunan Gunung Jati, although it has been aged for more than 4 centuries (founded in a range of years 1552-1570), appears still standing strong and well maintained. Like other mosques, building mosques berdenah parent rectangle. In the tower there is a ladder to get to the top. The ladder on the tower around the edge of it with only a narrow enough to pass by one person.

Even if you have a fat body size / large, certainly not going to get through.

From the top of this tower, we can see the sights around the mosque includes sea with fishermen boats. The distance between this tower by the beach is not much that is approximately 1.5 km, so quite clearly to monitor activity in the sea waters banten.

6. Masjid Menara Kudus (1537 AD)

Masjid Menara Kudus (also known as Al Aqsa Mosque and the Mosque of Al Manar) is a mosque built by Sunan Kudus in the year 1549 AD or 956 Hijri year by using stones from the Baitul Maqdis of Palestine as the first stone and situated in the village Kauman, city districts, Kudus regency, Central Java. This unique form of the mosque, because it has a similar tower temple.

This mosque is a combination of Islamic culture with Hindu culture.





5. Masjid Sultan Suriansyah (1526 AD)

Sultan Suriansyah Mosque is a historical mosque is the oldest mosque in South Kalimantan. This mosque was built in the reign of Tuan Guru (1526-1550), first king of Banjar converted to Islam.

The mosque is located in Northern and Health Sub-District, North Banjarmasin, Banjarmasin, the area known as the Old Banjar is the capital of the Sultanate of Banjar site the first time.

The architecture of the construction stage and roof overlap, is a traditional-style mosques Banjar. Traditional-style mosques in the Banjar mihrabnya have their own separate roof with the main building. The mosque is built on the banks of the river and Health.






4. Masjid Agung Demak (1474 AD)

Masjid Agung Demak is a mosque, the oldest in Indonesia. The mosque is located in the village Kauman, Demak, Central Java. The mosque is believed to have a gathering place for the clergy (guardian) propagator of Islam, also called Walisongo, to discuss the spreading of Islam in the Land of Java in particular and Indonesia in general. The founder of this mosque is estimated Raden Patah, the first king of the Sultanate of Demak.
This mosque has a main buildings and porches. The main building has four main pillars called saka guru. The building is a building open porch. Pyramid-shaped roof is supported by eight pillars of the so-called Saka Majapahit.
At the location of Masjid Agung Demak, there are several tombs of kings Sultanate of Demak and the servant. There is also a museum, which contains various things about the history of the establishment of the Great Mosque of Demak.



3. Masjid Ampel (1421 AD)

Ampel Mosque is an ancient mosque in the northern city of Surabaya, East Java. This mosque was founded by Sunan Ampel, and nearby there are complex Sunan Ampel.

Currently Ampel Mosque is one of the religious tourist destination in Surabaya. The mosque is surrounded by buildings of China and Arab architecture.

Besides the Ampel mosque left of the page, there is a well that is believed to be a magical well, usually used by those who meyakininnya for pledges amplifier.



2. Masjid Wapauwe (1414 AD)

This mosque is still well maintained.

Most of the original building was also preserved some heritage objects such as the drum, the Qur'an 's handwriting, the scales nature of the stone which weighs 2.5 kg, and an ornate metal and read arabic letters on the wall. Mosque also still functioned as a place of prayer population arround.

If the drum was beaten, then his voice will be heard up to whole village, inviting people to come to the mosque in congregation.


Qur'an Manuscripts handwriting in this mosque ever exhibited at the Festival Istiqlal in Jakarta. Some new additions is the place wudlu, carpets, fans and the electricity to lighting.






1. Masjid Saka Tunggal (1288 AD)

Masjid Saka Tunggal is located in the village district Cikakak Wangon built in 1288 as engraved on the Saka Guru (Main Pillars) mosque. But in making this mosque is more clearly written in the books left by the founders of this mosque is Kyai Mustolih. But these books have been lost many years ago. Each date of Rajab 27 is held in the mosque and the net change of grave JARO Mustolih Kyai. The mosque is located ± 30 km from the town of Purwokerto. Called Saka Tunggal for building poles used to shape only one pole (single). Which according to Bp. Sopani one mosque caretaker is that the single pillars symbolizing that God is only one of Allah SWT. In some places there are forests of pine and other forest inhabited by hundreds of monkeys are tame and friendly, as in Sangeh Bali.


Source:
http://id.wikipedia.org
http://navigasi.net
http://www.eastjava.com
http://docs.google.com
http://portalbugis.wordpress.com
http://www.potlot-adventure.com

pictured by:
flickr.com
eastjava.com

Julia Roberts syuting Film di Bali

Oscar-winning Hollywood star Julia Roberts has arivved in Bali for what is expected to be a month-long filming of the Bali portion of Elizabeth Gilberts's novel "Eat Pray Love."



Gilbert's best-selling autobiographical recounting of her post-divorce travels in Italy, India and Bali (Indonesia) is to become a Columbia Pictures (Sony) film starring Roberts, Javier Bardem and Richard Jenkins. In the story, Gilbert spent four months in Italy, eating and enjoying life (Eat). She spent four months in India, trying to find her spirituality (Pray). She ended the year in Bali, Indonesia, looking for "balance" of the two, and love.



Indeed, Bali is the center of balance between life pleasure and spiritual fulfillment as the island offers beautiful landscapes, relaxing beaches and culinary delights while Balinese determination to uphold their unique culture and spirituality seems always to amaze its visitors. Bali has constantly awarded as top international destination by various travel media, the Travel & Leisure Magazine has awarded Bali as the World's Best Island in 2009.



Bali filming is focused on areas in and around Ubud and Bali's southernmost beach with cast and crew staying in various five star hotels on the island.



Filming is also scheduled to take place in Ubud's famous Monkey Forest in Padangtegal, Nyuh Kuning, Pengosekan and the traditional art market in Ubud. Cok Ace, who is also the leader of Ubud's royal household, has issued a special invitation to Julia Roberts to his Palace for dinner. It remains to be seen, however, if the notoriously reclusive star will set aside time on her schedule for visits with Cok Ace or Bali's governor



Source: www.balidiscovery.com

pictured by: flickr.com

AMUNGME LIFES

Is Amungme Melanesian group consisted of 13.000 people who lived in the highlands of Irian Jaya province of Indonesia. They run the farm move, add to the hunting and gathering. Amungme very attached to their ancestral lands and the surrounding mountains considered sacred. Who made the center of the mountain of gold and copper mining by PT. Freeport Indonesia is a sacred mountain in the great society glorified by Amungme, Kawi Nemang name. Nemang means and Kawi arrows sacred meaning. Kawi Nemang means sacred arrows (free of war) peace. AMungme area called Amungsa.

Amungme is part of the Papuan tribes who inhabit several large valley in the district of Mimika and Puncak Jaya regenct between the highs mountains of the valley Tsinga, Hoeya valley, and valley Noema and small valleys such as valley bella, Alama, Aroanop, and Wa. Some seatled in the valley again Beoga (called Damal tribe, according to Dani calls) and the lowlands and the town of Timika AGIMUGA.

Amungme literally consists of two words that have different meanings of "amung" primary meaning and "mee" which means human being, according to legend passed down from generation to generation, said people come from regional Amungme Pagema (baleim valley) Wamena. This can be traced from Kurima word meaning place where people gather and that means hitigima first place of the ancestors of people Amungme establish honey of reeds.

Amungme people believe that they are the first descendants of the eldest son of the human race, they lived north and south central mountains are always shrouded in eternal snow Amungme language called nemangkawi (white arrows). People from the tribe Amungme Damal, large family eogam-e, child Delem tribe is the tribe that lived along the river Memberamo.

Behavior and character of the Amungme identical with nature, they menggangap her conqueror, the entrepreneur and the natural heir of the hand amungsa Into Nagawan (God). The severity of nature have shaped the character of mountain communities Amungme be hard, non-compromise, fair and gentlemen, and always doing preventive action in all activities.

There are two regional languages of the local Amung used by people living Amungme and Damal south-cal for Amungme people living in the north, but it has also Amungme different symbolic language with the language of everyday communication is Aro-A -cal is the kind of symbolic language of the most difficult to understand and communicate, and Tebo-a-cal as a kind of symbolic language is only spoken when in certain areas considered sacred.

The first contact with the outside world occured in 1936 when the leadership of carstensz expedition Dr. Colijn cs, through the Catholic mission in 1954 led by father Michael Cammerer asisted named Moses Kilangin and the Dutch goverment, the majority of people Amungme moved to coastal areas, in Akimuga until now, the reason for the transfer due to the spread of religion and service to the comunity Amungme not possible in the mountains.

from:

1. Chris Ballard, Fredrik Sokoy, Alfons van Nunen and Matt Richards (October, 2000)
2. Nienhuis Refers to entries in P.Nienhuis (1968) Inventaris van het rapportenarchief van het Kantoor voor Bevolkingszaken (Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea) 1951-1962. 's-Gravenhage: Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken. Reprinted in J.van Baal et al (eds.) (1984) West Irian: a bibliography. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, pp.205-307. All of these reports are held in the Algemeen Rijksarchief (ARA), at the Hague.
   

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BALIEM VALLEY FESTIVAL

In the central mountain of Irian Jaya, lies a grand valley with 72 km long and 16 - 31 km wide, inhabited by Neolithic warrior and farmer, the Dani Tribes and other sub tribes of Yali and Lani with their complex and primitive cultures, which looks more like "stone age" cultures.

Welcome to the beautiful Baliem Valley.

We will take you to experience an exciting adventure by exploring the Baliem Valley and the unique, primitive traditions and way of live of the tribes who live in the valley.Baliem valley it self is located in Wamena regency in Irian Jaya, West Papua which is well known as the home of the Dani tribes.To reach this area, you have to fly from Jakarta or Bali to Jayapura (the capital province of Irian Jaya / Papua), and then fly from Jayapura to Wamena. We can fly from Jakarta to Jayapura and then from Jayapura to Wamena in the same day.This valley has been the most visited part of the island, especially in recent years. The Dani Tribe speak related Papuan, or non - Austronesian language and live in the high central range of Papua Island, the most eastern province of Indonesia.Until the last decades the Dani tribes were some of the most isolated populations by swamps and mountains. They grew root crops, raised pig and used polished stone axes and adzes. They didn't make pottery (which means "sign of the modernity"), but otherwise their technology was very much like that of the Neolithic of the Old and New Worlds.

There may be 250,000 Dani Tribe living in the central mountains, many live scattered among the steep mountain slopes. The Baliem Valley has one of the highest densities of population in Papua Province. The Dani Tribe build their huts in a compound nicely express both environmental adaptation and Dani's character. The men's and women's huts have thick thatched roofs which keep rain, yet retain the heat from the earth, along with just enough smoke to discourage the mosquito.

The temperatures of the highland are ranged from 26 degrees Celsius at the day time and 12 degrees at night.The highlights of sightseeing are Dani Market in WAMENA Town, WAUMA Village and, which can be easily reach on foot or by car from Wamena. Farther out are AIKIMA, with its 250 years old mummy, SUROBA, JIWIKA and neighboring villages.With 2 hours climbing, you can see the salt spring where the Dani Tribe women make salt in primitive way fashion for centuries. Outer adventures are southward to KURIMA area, where the Dani and Yali Tribes' way of life mixed into a unique combination.

From: adventureindonesia.com

pictured by: flickr.com

10 Air Terjun Indonesia

10. Srambang

Srambang Waterfall, constitutes the pearl of tourism which is concealed in the forest of Lawu mountain. It is a pity that-a11 these year, the beauty of this placer is only enjoyed by the animals, trees and stones in the forest. Once in a while a collector of forest product comes to visit it, but then they leaves it to the silence of the forest. This place had always been like that till one sunset in early April 1995, a miraculous thing happened. In a place about 1.500 meter from Srambang Waterfall, a ditch with the width of 20 meters, the depth of 10 meters and the length of 2.000 meters was formed, because the layer of the earth under it cracked.

Since then it has invited thousands of people to come and see the “Kali Tiban” (a river coming from nowhere). Consequently; Srambang Waterfall, which is only 25 kilometers from Ngawi, begins to get visitors, too.


9. Sedudo

Sedudo Waterfall located at Ngliman, Sawahan district. Reachable from Nganjuk about 30 km. The air is fresh and cool. This location is often visited by many of people especially during Suro, one of months of the Javanese year. An impressive waterfall of more than 100 metres high, Sedudo Falls - like many other falls, springs, and wells in Java is believed to be something of a fountain of youth. The district goverment and the public around, always held a traditional ceremony every Suro. According to them, Sedudo Waterfall was used to bath statue in Parna Prahista ceremony, then the water spattered to the body in order to get a safety and eternal youth. The traditional ceremony of taking up Sedudo sacral water as the sign to begin the public bathing is done by 12 girls with long hair and boys. The form this procession is taking a bath together in the pool under Sedudo waterfall, and held every Suro (the first Javanese month). This procession is led by the Regent of Nganjuk and followed by the local visitors, and the tourist who come from the whole Java. After taking a bath, still on the Sedudo area, the visitors are entertained with the traditional art named Jedor.

8. Coban Rondo

The Coban Rondo waterfall ( we called The Wana Wisata Air Terjun Coban Rondo ) is a beautiful waterfall and gives peacefull impression. The experiences never forget is The way to the waterfall, on the right and left side you can see the beautiful of aligment cypress and pine trees . The coban rondo waterfall was located 12 km from the Batu City, or to be precise in the Pandansari Village. Pujon. In the coban rondo you will be experienced by a waterfall with the height 60 m.
The Wana Wisata Air Terjun Coban Rondo region was the region that most was easy to be followed. The road to enter towards the location has been asphalted, so as really facilitated tourists if wanting to visit this waterfall. Around the waterfall of Coban Rondo, was filled pine trees and the mountain casuarina, made the atmosphere in this tourist attraction feel like cool. From this area , you can see also the panorama of Batu town .

7. Cibeureum

Avoiding the weekend walkers to the three beautifull waterfalls at Cibeureum a short way up the track leading to the summits of the Gede Pangrango, he took a less well-trodden route first along a scraggly golf course and then upwards. Behind it rose the sharp-angled, steep foothills of the legendary mountains. Lovely vegetable gardens spilling down to various rocky streams, and the ever present forests stretching widely upwards. Did he write: less well-trodden? more accurately: not much of a path at all. And quite a climb, espesially coming downwards again. sheltered by enormous tree ferns, palm trees, great giants of the jungle. Everywhere the purpleand white delights of impatiens platypetala.Not much sweat for the day was pleasantly cool and the narrow, sheer canyon sheltered from the hot sun. on the way down there was suddenly this pretty waterfalls emptying into a nice pool. yes! Throwing off his clothes he bathed, and stretched out under a fern tree splashed by warm sun rays. and dreamed...

6. Batanta

Batanta waterfall is one of the objects in Papua and the excellent tourism at Raja Ampat Islands.

After spending the time to dive into oceans, expedition team intends to see the beauty of nature in the various islands in the Raja Ampat. One aim is to visit waterfalls Batanta. After breakfast, the team entered the direct speed boat that will deliver to the destination. After about 30 minutes across the sea, speed boat arrived in a village near the estuary Arefi in the coastal area of Pulau Batanta. James, our guide, the boat slowly entered the river to the hinterland. On the left and right along the river is only visible through mangroves. Suddenly, a crocodile hiding behind the root of mangroves along the river.

5. Bantimurung

Bantimurung means a place for getting rid of sadness (membanting kemurungan). The spectacular waterfall is located at the valley of the steep limestone hill with its fertile tropical vegetation which makes this area an ideal habitat fir the types of butterflies and birds that are famous for their small number.
Before entering the waterfall location, visitors can see a statue of a kind of monkey, about 6 cm tall. This kind of animal can only be found in Sulawesi and Kalimantan.
From the waterfall, visitors can go up to see the lake on top, but there are many sharp corals on the way there. The lake is so blue with many flying butterflies around it.
The waterfall and surrounding areas is a popular picnic area and it is a pleasant area for roaming around, swimming and enjoying the attractive sceneries.

4. Sendang Gila

Which attracts many thousands of Indonesian and foreign visitors annually, is Mt. Rinjani national pasrk's best known attraction. Located at about 600 meters above sea level, the waterfall is an easy 20 minute walk down a graded trail and steps from Senaru Village, which is the main access to Mt. Rinjani National Park. A pleasant alternative return route winds along the edge of the steep valley, following the irrigation canal. For the more adventurous, the "second waterfall" Tiu Kelep, is another hour's walk upriver from Sendang Gila. The scramble over rocks through the tropical forest is rewarded by the beauty of the waterfall of Tiu Kelep you become a year younger! With access from the main road, the "third waterfall" Betara Lenjang is a true rainforest adventure strictly for rock climbers with local guide and equipment.

3. Grojogan Sewu

Located at Karanganyar Regency, Grojogan sewu is one of tourist program that called "INTANPARI" (Industri Pertanian Pariwisata) it means Industry Botani and Tourism. Grojogan sewu is located at Mt. Lawu (2636 meters), the location are 27 kilometers from Karanganyar Regency. Grojogan sewu means thousand waterfall. Although there is no thousand waterfal there.
You still can enjoy some waterfalls there. The highest waterfall at Grojogan sewu have 81 meters high from bottom to the top, the forrest sight make this waterfall have atractive power for tourist.

2. Sipisopiso

The Sipisopiso is a plunge waterfall in the Batak highlans of Sumatra. It is formed by a small underground river of the Karo plateau that hurls itself from a cave in the side of the lake Toba caldera some 120 meters (360 ft) down to lake level. This fact earns it the title for the highest waterfall in Indonesia.
Sipisopiso is a well-known tourist attraction and a nearby vantage point offers great vistas of the fall and the lake. Sipisopiso waterfall is located in the Tanah Karo regency, at the northernmost tip of the Lake Toba caldera, near the fishing village of Tongging. The closest municipality, about 25 kilometers away, is the town of Kabanjahe.

1. Madakaripura

Madakaripura Waterfall located in Sapih village, Lombang district, East Java, Indonesia. Not far from Mt. Bromo area. Madakaripura is a sacred visiting area comprising lines of waterfalls. its reaches a height of 200 meters from the bottom. this waterfall have related history with a great Prime Ministry, Gajah Mada, who strongly strunggled to unify the whole territory of Indonesia under span of control of Majapahit, and said as "the last residence for Gajah Mada". This spectacular waterfall lies hidden at the end of a deep valley in the foothills of the Tengger range. The water has cascades from the dense forest above. The primary attraction is its natural environment that is encircled by 7 waterfalls and caves. The available facilities are include: parking lot, food stalls, resting place and security post. The fatigue and exhaustion one undergoes from climbing the peak of Bromo, would immediately gone after getting a bathe with the holy Tirta Sewana so to continue the travel to other visiting points in Probolinggo area.



from:
www.petra.ac.id
www.kaskus.us
www.info4indonesia.com
www.eastjava.com
en.wikipedia.org
pictured by:
flickr.com
eastjava.com

from: Graeme Wheller (Dr)
Consultant Geologist
Volcanex International Pty Ltd (Hobart, Australia)
www.vulcan.wr.usgs.gov

DEATH TOLL 31 AFTER VOLCANO BLOWS ITS TOP

The death toll from the eruption of Mt. Merapi, overlooking the city of Yogyakarta in densely populated Central Java, hit 31 as local authorities evacuated more than 5000 villagers from the slopes of the mountain.

Yogyakarta's main public hospital reported 17 people admitted there had died and 32 were on the injured list.
Another seven people were confirmed dead and 12 injured at a Catholic-run hospital.
Officer in charge of the command post coordinating relief operations, Lieutenant Colonel Suyatno, said another seven people died in Turgo village on the slopes of the mountain.
A further seven people with severe burns had also been admitted to a private hospital.
Unconfirmed local media reports said the death toll was as high as 34, with authorities saying five people were still unaccounted for.
Suyatno said 5681 people had been evacuated from seven village on the slopes of Merapi.
The evacuees were sent to five temporary camps, the largest in the village of Pakembinangun, where 2705 people were being sheltered. The conical 2911-metre volcano spewed heat clouds more than 20 times, some spraying out as six kilometers down the slope, along the Krasak and Boyong Rivers.
An official from the vulcanological office in Jakarta said most of the people killed lived on Boyong River. Merapi's last major eruption was in November, 1976, killing 28 people and leaving 1176 people homeless.

From: Global Volcanism Network (vulcan.wr.usgs.gov)
Global Volcanism Network
Museum of Natural History, MRC 129
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, DC 20560 USA.
pictured by Bagus Kurniawan

Merapi Eruption
One of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia

The following is a PRELIMINARY report of the 22 November 1994 eruption at merapi (Central Java, Indonesia), based on information received by the Global Volcanism Network on 23 November. Note that no direct information has been received from the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, and this report is primary based on news sources which may not be reliable.

Merapi,
Central Java, Indonesia (7.54 S, 110.44 E)
All times are local (=GMT +7 hours)

A NOAA/NESDIS volcano hazards alert stated that on 22 November 1994, Merapi erupted and sent a plume to -10 kilometers. AT that time winds aloft were toward the w at 18 km/hour (10 knots). No satellite imagery of the plume was mentioned.
A united Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) report on 23 November stated that the volcano erupted at 1015, emiting a pyroclastic flow containing hot ash, gas, and other particles in suspension flow 6 kilometers down along the Boyong river in Turgo village, pakem subdistrict, Yogyakarta Province. At that time, 24 people were known killed, 95 were severely injured, 25 of 40 public works workers building a water treatment facility were still missing, while 15 were found dead. Evacuees totalled 6,026 from from the neighboring villages in the subdistrict of Pakem. Evacuation and emergency response measures had been undertaken by the local authorities and community members. Local volcanology officials had advised authorities and local people to remain on alert for 7 days.
A broadcast of the Jakarta Radio Republik Indonesia Network (in Indonesia at 1300) gave the time of eruption as 1030. The broadcast stated Merapi had been "....emitting hat smoke, sand, stones, and ashes, causing 5 people to suffer burns. Due to the eruption, the sky over Sleman and Magelang was covered with dark clouds and there was a shower of sand in the area." The report also stated that "lava flooding has occured in the area and is flowing southward." Another Jakarta Radio broadcast (at 1300) said from 2300 on 22 November through 1100 on 23 November, Merapi had not emitted "hot smoke" but that lava continued to flow. A 23 November Tokyo Kyodo broadcast (at 0140, in English) reported "Indonesia's team for disaster safety in Yogyakarta said ash rain has reached Temanggung, about 45 km NW of Merapi."
A UPI news report stated that, on the moring of 23 November, an official of the natural disasters office in Sleman, from serious burns. Many of those hospitalized were in serious condition, and more deaths were expeected. The report further stated that "...hundreds of homes have collapsed and thousands of cattle were buried by ash.
A U.S State Department dispatch on the morning of 23 November stated that, according to sources in the area, the eruption began at 1040 on 22 November, and was preceded by an initial venting of steam about 25 minutes earlier. The initial eruption sent a plume approximately 800 m into the air and scattered rock and gravel projectiles across the ashcone. The most serious damage, however, was done on the volcano's S side where the eruption sent flows of hot volcanic mud (lahar) and superheated steam cascading down the S slope inudating two villages. At this time, damage is believed confined to a radius of 6 kilometers from the volcano.
According to press accounts collected by the U.S. Embassy, the eruption has caused at least 16 fatalities, 11 missing, 300-plus injured, and destroyed hundreds of houses. Approximately 3,000 residents have reportedly been displaced from their homes. Most of the casualties occured when superheated gases swept through two small villages (Desa Purwobinangun and Desa Hargobinangun in the Sleman district) on the S slope of the volcano. The injured, dozens of them in serious condition, are being treated in area hospitals. The eruption forced the abandonment of the Plawangan Geophysical Station on the S side og the volcano and ignited -500 hectares of rainforest near Kaliurang, a hill station popular with tourists. According to press report, Kaliurang has suffered some damage from ash cover.
Merapi, one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, sits immediately N of the large city of Yogyakarta; at least 50,000 people live adjacent to its SW slope. The stratovolaco has an exposed, summit lava dome, the source of abundant glowing blocks that continues to tumble down its SW slope. In historical time, instability of the growing dome has led to nuees ardentes that have caused many fatalities, disasters described in many popular books on volcanology.

from: www.lombokmarine.com

The Raffles Report

Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, later founder of Singapore, was at the time of the eruption serving as Lt. Governor of Java, based at his capital in Batavia. He had occupied this post since September 1911, a month after the British had wrested Batavia from control of Napoleon's France. Having heard of the great human distress and disastrous phenomena accompanying the outbreak, he gave orders that British residents gather information and report if possible to him on the effects of the eruption on April 1815, Lt. Owen Philips was dispatched with a shipload of rice for relief to the disaster zone. It is from Philips findings, and Raffles subsequent submission of his report to the Natural Historycal Society of Batavia in September 1815 that we learn after the-fact of the details of the eruption. It is important to note that no native accounts save one are known to survive, and the character and form of the eruption must be reconstructed "retroactively" working backwards from the Raflles report and the physical aftermath on the island.

From:
Newhall and Daniel Dzurisin, 1988, Historical Unrest at Large Calderas of the World; U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1855.
Kious and Tilling, 1996, This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics: USGS General Interest Publication

Tambora Vulcano, Indonesia

Tambora is on Sumbawa Island along the east Sunda Arc. It lies some 300 kilometers behind the Sunda Trench, but the sub-duction zone in that area has a shallow dip and is less than 200 kilometers deep beneath Tambora (Alzwar and others, 1981). Tambora is a large stratovolcano composed dominantly of nepheline-normative, leucite-bearing trachybasalt and trachyandesite (Petroeschevsky, 1949; Foden and Varne, 1980; Alzwar and others, 1981; Barberi and others, 1983, Self and others, 1984). Before its eruption in 1815, Tambora might have been in repose for as much as 5,000 years (Barberi and others, 1983).
At least 6 months and probably about 3 years of increased steaming and small phreatic eruptions preceded the 1815 Tambora eruption, the largest in historical time (Stewart, 1820; Zollinger, 1855, Crawfurd, 1856, Sigurdsson and Carey, 1987). A moderately large explosive eruption occurred on 5 April 1815, from which ash fell in east Java and thunderlike sounds were heard up to 1,400 kilometers away. A still larger eruption occurred on 10-11 April, beginning as "there columns of fire rising to a great height" (Zollinger, 1855, p. 19) and ultimately ejecting about 50 cubic kilometers of magma (dense rock equivalent), (Self and others, 1984; Sigurdsson and Carey, 1987). The eruption left a deep summit caldera where previously a much higher stratovolcano had stood. Earthquake were felt as far away as Surabaya (500 kilometers), possibly reflecting the caldera collapse.
A small, postcaldera cone and lava flow. Doro Afi Toi, originated sometime between 1847 and 1913 (Pannekoek van Rheden, 1918; Neumann van Padang, 1951). A strong earthquake on 13 January 1909, with an epicenter near Tambora (8.5degreesS, 117.4degreesE), was "presumably connected with Tambora" (Koninklijk Magnetisch en Meteorologisch Observatorium te Batavia, 1911). Might the earthquake have occurred during formation of Doro Afi Toi?
The June 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo was global. Slightly cooler than usual temperatures recorded worldwide and the brilliant sunsets and sunrises have been attributed to this eruption that sent fine ash and gases high into the stratosphere, forming a large volcanic cloud, 22 millions tons, combined with water to form droplets of sulfuric acid, blocking some of the sunlight from reaching the Earth and thereby cooling temperatures in some regions by as much as 0.5 degree.
A similar phenomenon occurred in April of 1815 with the cataclysmic eruption of Tambora Volcano in Indonesia, the most powerfull eruption in recorded history. Tambora's volcanic cloud lowered global temperatures by as much as 3 degree. Even a year after the eruption, most of the northern hemisphere experienced sharply cooler temperatures during the summer months. In parts of Europe and in North America; 1816 was known as "The Year Without a Summer"
Tambora erupted in 1815 killing 92,000 people making 1816 the year without a summer as the global climate effects were felt. Aerosols from the Tambora eruption blocked out sunlight and reduced global temperatures by 3 deg C. Europe missed a summer, and India had crop failures following the Tambora eruption. 100 cubic kilometers of magma was erupted. Ten thousand people were killed immedately from the pyroclastic flows and the eventual toll due to starvation and disease may have been as high as 117,000. The eruption caused a tsunami with a height of 10 meters. During 2004 a buried town was discovered near the volcano. It has been called the Pompeii of the East because of the preservation of human artifacts.

Krakatau became famous after the paroxymal eruption on August 27, 1883. The volcano erupted more than 18 cubic km of ash to a height of 80 km, and produced a tsunami as high as 30 m along the west coast of Banten and south coast of Lampung. The tsunami hit 295 villages and killer over 36,000 people.

2009 Eruptions

Eruptions are continuing at Krakatau volcano in Indonesia from a crater on the SW side of the cone in May 2009. A volcanic ash advisory from Darwin VAAC reported ash to 10,000 drifting NW of the volcano. On 6th May 2009 the level of alert at Krakatau was raised from waspada (level 2) to siaga (level 3), out of a maximum level 4. A renewed period of eruptions began at Krakatau on 19th March 2009, when 19 explosions were recorded. Between 1-25 April 2009 there have been 4060 explosions. Number of explosions earthquakes measured are 30 April 229, 1 May 324, 2 May 318, 3 May 250, 4 May 403, 5 May 371, and 6 May 132 (until midday). Shallow volcanic earthquakes, and tremor have been recorded. Visual observations from Rajabasa District in Sumatra in April reported ash emissions from 50-1000 m above the summit. From 1-24 April booming noises were heard fom Sumatra 174 times, 83 times from 25-29 April. No sounds were heard from Krakatau between 30th April and 6th May. Incandescent material and ash are being emitted to a radius of 500 m from the crater. Pyroclastic flows may reach a distance of 700 m from the crater. Ash is falling 5 km from the volcano. Request from the Indonesian Directorate of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation request people stay at least 2 km from the volcano. Local communities are still allowed to fih outside the 2 km danger zone radius. Commuities in the coastal province of Banten and Lampung are requested to remain calm and not fear a tsunami.